This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Knowledge awaits. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. 2. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. %%EOF The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. 255 0 obj <> endobj Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ a. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. 316 0 obj <>stream This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Let's Go! 6. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Answers may vary. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Description. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. %PDF-1.6 % Most African . But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Introduction hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. hb```lJB Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Video Activity 7. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. endstream endobj startxref Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. a. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. 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